Objectives and Organization of IUGG

The Union is a purely scientific organization. Its objectives are the promotion and coordination of physical, chemical and mathematical studies of the Earth and its environment in space. These studies include the shape of the Earth, its gravitational and magnetic fields, the dynamics of the Earth as a whole and of its component parts, the Earth's internal structure, composition and tectonics, the generation of magmas, volcanism and rock formation, the hydrological cycle including snow and ice, all aspects of the oceans, the atmosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere and solar-terrestrial relations, and analogous problems associated with the Moon and other planets. Union activities embrace studies of the Earth by artificial satellites and other techniques for deploying instruments at high altitude.

The IUGG has initiated and vigorously supported collaborative efforts that have led to highly productive world-wide interdisciplinary research programmes, such as the International Geophysical Year (1957-58), the Upper Mantle Project (1964-70), the Geodynamics Project (1972-79), the Global Atmospheric Research Programme (1967-80), the International Lithosphere Programme (1981- ), the World Climate Research Programme, the Geosphere-Biosphere Programme and the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. These programmes have set a model for international, interdisciplinary cooperation. One major contribution has been the creation, through the International Council for Science (ICSU), of the World Data Centre system, from which the data gathered during these major programmes are available to research workers everywhere.

The IUGG cooperates with UNESCO in the study of natural catastrophes. It also gives particular emphasis to the scientific problems of Developing Countries by sponsoring activities relevant to the scientific needs of the Third World (e.g. Geodesy in Africa, Water Resources, etc.).

The Union also co-sponsors the Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical Data Analysis Services (FAGS) and is a partner with other Unions of ICSU in Inter-Union Commissions.

By their very nature, geodetic and geophysical studies require a high degree of international cooperation as well as effective central coordination. The Union is fortunate in having 65 Member Countries. The great majority of those countries participate in the Union through IUGG Committees set up by the national academy or another body that adheres to the Union (other methods of adherence do occur). The Member Countries are distributed throughout the world as follows:

• Europe: 32
• North and Central America: 3
• Asia: 13
• Africa: 8
• South America: 6
• Oceania: 3

Each IUGG Committee, which functions as a non-governmental entity in its relations with IUGG, is represented at the periodic General Assemblies of the Union by Delegates appointed by its Adhering Body.

Responsibility for directing the Union's affairs is vested in the IUGG Council by the Statutes and By-laws. The IUGG Council consists of the Council Delegates, who are designated for each Council meeting by their Adhering Body as the representative of the geodesists and geophysicists of their respective country. A Bureau, an Executive Committee and a Finance Committee administer the IUGG between Council meetings. The Executive Committee has the particular responsibility of overseeing the scientific programmes of the Union.